Santiago F. Silva Garcia (1)
Reynaldo Pérez Jiménez (2)
Orlando Alvarez de la Paz (3)
Leonardo Rojas Pérez (4)
(1) Degree in Physics and Astronomy
amateur archaeologist (2) Degree in History
amateur archaeologist (3) Plant Engineering
amateur archaeologist (4) Degree in Biology
INTRODUCTION
analysis food waste provides important information in understanding economic activities subsistenciales of primitive communities, however, the characteristics of the climate of Cuba have prevented until now the conservation of plant debris, which otherwise, would complete the studies in this regard are made.
A particular case it is the site of Water Takes, where such materials are abundant and varied; presented in excellent condition.
Neolithic site in the Making Water running two research projects aimed at making a quantitative and qualitative assessment of the diet consumed by the Indians who inhabited the area, as well as the relationship man - environment in the development of activities a community economic subsistenciales settled inland.
excavations were carried out in 1987 a rescue excavation in the embankment talu (in the area 2). This time a block is demarcated excavation of 2 mx 2 m, consisting of three sections (A, B and C), which works in a phased manner. It is more desirable and secure ttrabajar in the horizontal and not vertical, since the material was exposed and there was, to some extent, the fertility of its layers or strata.
The highest density of paparece waste from the 0.85 m deep, while the layer is sterile at 2, 05.
A second excavation is planned in 1992, where research is an area of \u200b\u200b1.50 mx 1 m depth to 1.70 m.
levels or conventional stratigraphic layers are 0.10 m thick each representing 0.15 meters cubic residues. RESULTS
From the analysis of food remains, which are collected in the excavations of 1987, check that they correspond to the bony parts of animals belonging to six different zoological groups: crustaceans, mollusks, fish, reptiles, birds and mammals.
The distribution and frequency of such bodies in layers or stratigraphic levels of the excavation, in descending order, a greater abundance of evidence of fish are followed by reptiles, mammals, molluscs, crustaceans, and finally birds.
to level 6 (1.25 m - 1.50 m depth) are registered in general, a greater density of bone evidence, it requires the presence of a period or period of great economic activity. However, late into the layers (or senior) is a decrease eloquent evidentiary items, being extreme in the first level (0.00 to 0.25 m depth).
Ecological aspects of interest related to the species identified in the diet, are valued as follows:
fish vertebrae and skull bones correspond to different kinds of families: Belonidae, Centropomidae, Lutjamidae , Megalopidae and Sphyraenidae. Family
Belonidae
to Cuba are recorded 6 species that have pelagic habits and support neritic or abrupt changes in salinity and temperature. They can reach up to 1.30 m, but they are commonly captured with 0.30 m-0.90 m in length. Its commercial importance is limited, but are edible. This family
identify some bones of the skull for the species Tilosurus sp (stinger). Family
Centropomidae
Within this family there are 4 species are recorded for Cuba. Are relatively sedentary species and usually solitary. They abound in estuaries, bays and the mouths of rivers and especially in coastal mangroves. Support large changes in salinity and temperature, feeding on fish, crustaceans and marine freshwater crustaceans.
Some species such as common snook that grow to up to 1.30 m, while the other does not exceed 0.60 m.
undecimalis The Centropomus (common bass) is the only species identified from skeletal remains under study (vertebrae, teeth and premaxillary). Family Lutjanidae
There are 15 species described to Cuba. Have neritic and demersal habits, especially in the early stages of life are located in areas of different bottom types, depending on the species.
regard to size, snapper (Lutjanus cyanopterus) reaches up to 1.60 m and red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus) 0.80 m in length.
two species were identified within this family: Lutjanus cyanopterus and snapper Lutjanus .
Given the size of the vertebrae and skull bones follows that correspond to copy-most-of great size. Family
Megalopidae
A single species of this family is registered for Cuba, for the Tarpon atlanticus (tarpon).
They are solitary fish, preferably reríticos, although they are sometimes caught in the open sea. Support large changes in salinity, temperature and contaminated water or poor in oxygen. When the hook is capable of putting up strong resistance.
The shad is a species recently accepted for human consumption, although it is edible. Comes to have up to 1.50 m in size, although commonly capture less than 1.00 m.
This family collect some vertebrae and cranial bones belonging to medium-sized copies. Family Mugilidae
has four species in Cuban waters. Are neritic fish and sedentary. Resist large changes in salinity and temperature and can enter the rivers. The juveniles remain at sea for some time and then go on to be placed near the coastline.
They can be seen in estuaries and bays, especially near the coast of mangrove.
They have a growth rate ALRA. Can reach up to 0.40 m in length. They were caught in seines and other gear mass.
is impossible to identify, from the numerous vertebrae and opercula of mullet (Mugil sp) , the number of individuals to which they belong. Family
Sphyraenidae
3 species are reported to Cuban waters. Are neritic fish habits. They are carnivores that feed mainly on fish and crustaceans to a lesser extent.
The guaguancho (Sphyraena guaguancho) and the picudilla (Sphyraena picudilla ) can usually be found forming groups or pairs, while the adult of the barracuda (Sphyraena barracuda ) usually are solitary, although also sometimes they can be seen forming groups, as is especially aggressive. Of these species are reported confirmed cases of human attacks.
reaches up to 2.00 m in length, but usually does not exceed 1.30 m.
Making Water In some vertebrae are collected and teeth of Sphyraena barracuda (great barracuda ) that should belong to medium-sized copies.
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Copyright: James F. Reynaldo Garcia Silva
Orlando Álvarez Pérez Jiménez de la Paz Pérez Rojas Leonardo
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email: aguilasdeanaga@gmail.com
